Course title: DESIGN AND MANUFACTURING
OF FINITE WOODEN PRODUCTS

Semester / Year of study: semester VII and VIII/ 4th year of study

Objectives:
           To transfer book-learning and to develop students knowledge and skills regarding designing and manufacturing the finite wooden products - others than furniture - self used or used in various economic systems.
           Through the knowledge achieved during the course and due to the practical activity, the students will develop skills for:
    - knowing the constructive structure specific to finite wooden products (windows, doors, packings, floors,
    musical instruments);
    - knowing the structure type and the architectural shapes specific to these products;
    - knowing the design method (by applying regulations, technical specifications or dimensioning);
    - knowing the specific technologies for industrial manufacturing of these products;
    - technological adaption to the technical solutions proposed in the documentation;
    - elaboration of the technical and technological documentation of these products.

Contents:
The discipline activity is split into two individual parts, each part covering one semester:
Part I - WOODEN WINDOWS AND DOORS
        1. Window functions:
           - elements of dimensioning the window pane as function of the natural lighting coefficient;
           - elements of defining the heat transfer through the window structure components;
           - elements of defining the capacity of phonic attenuation;
           - elements of defining the protection capacity of the indoor space against the air exchange with the
           outdoor space and against the penetrability of downfall water.
        2. Constructive solutions and technical solutions of manufacturing the windows.
        3. Relation between window frame and window case and methods of closing and sealing.
        4. Solution of increasing the wood utilization index for windows manufacturing.
        5. Industrial manufacturing engineering (operations necessary for cutting, shape and size processing,
        sanding, mounting, finishing, accessories).
        6. Door functions:
           - elements of defining the heat transfer;
           - elements of defining the phonic and thermal insulation capacity;
        7. Solutions and structures specific to exterior doors, balcony doors and interior doors.
        8. Solutions for closing and sealing.
        9. Industrial manufacturing technology for doors with new framed panel structure, panelled board
        structure, shells type structure and full structure (technological operations needed for cutting, shape
        and size processing, building the structures, sanding, finishing, accessories).
        10. Testing the WOODEN WINDOWS AND DOORS
           - testing the subassemblies to mechanical stresses;
           - testing the assemblies to mechanical stresses;
           - testing the functionality (closing, opening, sealing etc.);
           - tests for heat transfer and noise attenuation .

Part II - WOODEN FLOORS, PACKINGS AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
        1. Wooden floors:
           - structures and methods of anchoring into the building; - constructive methods of the structures;
           - floor types and use.
        2. Wooden packaging:
           - box type packaging (specific structures, strength calculus, structural and dimensional optimization).
        3. Vessel type packaging :
           - geometric calculus of the barrels;
           - strength calculus of the barrel hoop;
           - structures, constructive solutions, shapes, sizes for various types of vessel packaging and their
           use;
           - testing the box type package and the vessel type ones;
           - industrial manufacturing technology for box type package and the vessel type ones.
        4. Musical instruments with wooden sound box:
          * Violin:
                    - structure and constructive solutions for industrial and crafting manufacturing of violins;
                     - technology for industrial and crafting manufacturing of violins.
           * Guitar:
                     - structure and constructive solutions for industrial manufacturing of guitars;
                     - technology for industrial manufacturing of guitars.
History:
        The discipline was introduced in the curriculum of the Wood Industry Faculty once the establishment of this institution of higher education was concluded.
        Two disciplines were functioned in the beginning:
        - Finite Wooden Products - head of discipline Prof.dr.eng. Stefan ALEXANDRU.
        - Machines for Finite Wooden Products - head of discipline Prof.dr.eng. Victor DOGARU.
        The first discipline was oriented more on the design of wood products (design, testing), whilst the second one was oriented on the presentation of machinery and technological facilities used to manufacture wood products - other than furniture.
        In its original frame, the first discipline presentation has contained additional chapters as: sport wooden utensils and wooden boats.
        The share of the chapters was quiet different from that of today.
        By time, the part of "Finite wooden products" was acquired by Prof.dr.eng. Nicolae COTTA who developed a lot the chapters of musical instruments and sport utensils.
        Since 1980 the two disciplines have merged into a single "Finite Wooden Products Design and Manufacturing" discipline, assigned to Prof.dr.eng. Nicolae COTTA.
        Between 1989 - 1991 the discipline was maintained successively one or two years each by Assist.prof.dr.eng. Brendorfer DIETMAR and Prof.dr.eng. Gheorghe ZLATE.
        Between 1992 to 2010 the discipline was acquired by Prof.dr.eng. Ivan CISMARU.
In this period the discipline was restructured giving greater weight to chapters "Wooden doors and windows", "Wooden floors" and "Wooden package".
        The chapters related to sport wooden utensils and wooden boats were excluded from the discipline, the technologies of obtaining these products coming out of the wood industry field.
        The laboratory and project activities of this discipline were taught successively by:
        - Prof.dr.eng. Loredana BADESCU - until 1990
        - Lecturer.dr.eng. Adriana FOTIN
        - Lecturer.dr.eng. Monica BROSCATAN
        - Lecturer.dr.eng. Emilia-Adela SALCA
       - Prof.dr.eng. Ivan CISMARU
        Through the complexity of problems presented and solved under the project and laboratory classes, the discipline was and is a good "school of applied engineering", covering all activities from conception to manufacture a product - in an industrial way.
        Since 2010 the discipline is taught by Prof.dr.eng. Ivan CISMARU (part I) and Dr.eng. Adriana FOTIN (part II).

Present Head of Discipline:
- Present Heads of Discipline:
Prof.dr.eng. Ivan CISMARU, graduate of the Faculty of Wood Industrialization, class 1970.
Title of the PhD Thesis: "Contributions to the Study of Cutting Wood Without Chip Formation", defended in December 1985, at the "Transilvania" University of Brasov.
- Lecturer.dr.eng. Adriana FOTIN, graduate of the Faculty of Wood Industrialization, class 1985.
Title of the PhD Thesis: "Contribution to Optimize the Milling and Sanding of Birch Wood in order to be Used to Manufacture Furniture and Other Finite Wooden Products", defended in May 2009, at the "Transilvania" University of Brasov.
 
Publications within the field of the discipline:
- COTTA Nicolae. Design and Technology of Manufacturing Wooden Industrial products. Didactic and Pedagogic Publishing House, Bucharest, 1983.
- CISMARU Ivan. Wooden Windows and Doors. Design. Manufacture. Testing. Transylvania University Publishing House, Brasov, 2004.
- CISMARU Ivan. Wooden Floors. Transylvania University Publishing House, Brasov, 2006.
- CISMARU Ivan, CISMARU Maria, FOTIN Adriana, BOIERIU Camelia. Technological Design in Wood Industry. Shape and Size Processing. Vol I - Data base. Transylvania University Publishing House, Brasov, 2005.
- CISMARU Ivan, CISMARU Maria, BOIERIU Camelia, FOTIN Adriana. Technological Design in Wood Industry. Shape and Size Processing. Vol II - Solid Wood Elements. Type of Technologies. Transylvania University Publishing House, Brasov, 2006.
- CISMARU Ivan, CISMARU Maria, FOTIN Adriana, BOIERIU Camelia. Technological Design in Wood Industry. Shape and Size Processing. Vol III - Manufacturing Technologies of solid wood complexes and non-edge battened panels' complexes type. Transylvania University Publishing House, Brasov, 2007.
- CISMARU Ivan, CISMARU Maria, FOTIN Adriana, BOIERIU Camelia. Technological Design in Wood Industry. Shape and Size Processing. Vol IV - Manufacturing Technologies of edge battened panels' complexes type. Transylvania University Publishing House, Brasov, 2008.
   
Perspectives and Opportunities:
        The subjects developed in the discipline provide a development of knowledge in fields that will not disappear for a long time to come.
        Wooden windows and doors will retain the majority interest for buildings even if there is a tendency to substitute them with profiles of plastic or other materials.
        Problem of the "green products" will bring back the "doors and windows industry" from Romania into an advantageous position, the wood being the material far superior to plastic or metal in terms of heat transfer and sound mitigation.
        Emerging and use of new gluing and finishing materials, becoming better, may have the effect of increasing the reliability of these products.
        If "greening of recovery or use of these products" is taking into account at the end of the life cycle, than the wooden products will remain, maybe exclusively, in the interest of producers and users.
        The emergence of other "additional" materials, used as fillers of reinforcement, gives them strength and safety etc., and leads to design of new constructive solutions with different technologies, as the production of shell type doors as interior doors have appeared and developed.
        The elements of wooden floors will have a significant increase both for classical floors (coming from the human desire to return to a rustic style interiors and from the boom in private construction in rural areas and those with high tourism potential), and for classical and art parquet. You should keep in mind that in the floor field there are significant achievements with regards to constructive solutions of producing, anchoring and even to manufacturing technologies.
        It can be said that the further development of the private sector construction will implicit lead to the development of various wooden products necessary in the building (doors, windows, floors) and also for products to equip the building.